Long G.V., Menzies A.M., Nagrial A.M., Lauren E.H., Hamilton A.L., Mann J.G. et al. Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2011;(29):1239–1246. doi: 10.1200/jco.2010.32.4327..
DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.32.4327
Hayward N.K., Wilmott J.S., Waddell N., Johansson P.A., Field M.A., Nones K. et al. Wholegenome landscapes of major melanoma subtypes. Nature. 2017;545:175–180. doi: 10.1038/nature22071..
DOI: 10.1038/nature22071
Davies H., Bignell G.R., Cox C., Stephens P., Edkins S., Clegg S. et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 2002;417(6892):949– 954. doi: 10.1038/nature00766..
DOI: 10.1038/nature00766
Kelleher F.C., McArthur G.A. Targeting NRAS in melanoma. Cancer J. 2012;18(2):132–136. doi: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e31824ba4df..
DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e31824ba4df
Colombino M., Capone M., Lissia A., Cossu A., Rubino C., De Giorgi V. et al. BRAF/NRAS mutation frequencies among primary tumors and metastases in patients with melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(20):2522–2529. doi: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.2452..
DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.2452
Mann J.G., Pupo G.M., Campain A.E., Carter C.D., Schramm S.J., Pianova S. et al. BRAF mutation, NRAS mutation, and the absence of an immune-related expressed gene profile predict poor outcome in patients with stage III melanoma. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(2):509–517. doi: 10.1038/jid.2012.283..
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.283
Sclafani F., Gullo G., Sheahan K., Crown J. BRAF mutations in melanoma and colorectal cancer: a single oncogenic mutation with different tumour phenotypes and clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;87(1):55–68. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.11.003..
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.11.003
Sosman J.A., Kim K.B., Schuchter L., Gonzalez R., Pavlick A.C., Weber J.S. et al. Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(8):707–714. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1112302..
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1112302
McArthur G.A., Chapman P.B., Robert C., Larkin J., Haanen J.B., Dummer R. et al. Safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAFV600E and BRAFV600K mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM-3): extended follow-up of a phase 3, randomised, open-label study. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(3):323–333. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70012-9..
DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70012-9
Chapman P.B., Robert C., Larkin J., Haanen J.B., Ribas A., Hogg D. et al. Vemurafenib in patients with BRAFV600 mutation-positive metastatic melanoma: final overall survival results of the randomized BRIM-3 study. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(10):2581–2587. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx339..
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx339
Long G.V., Stroyakovskiy D., Gogas H., Levchenko E., Braud F., Larkin J. et al. Dabrafenib and trametinib versus dabrafenib and placebo for Val600 BRAF-mutant melanoma: a multicentre, doubleblind, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9992):444–451. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60898-4..
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60898-4
Kozar I., Margue C., Rothengatter S., Haan C., Kreis S. Many ways to resistance: How melanoma cells evade targeted therapies Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). Reviews on Cancer. 2019;1871(2):313–322. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.02.002..
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.02.002
Robert C., Karaszewska B., Schachter J., Rutkowski P., Mackiewicz A., Stroiakovskiet D. et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):30–39. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1412690..
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1412690
Larkin J., Ascierto P.A., Dréno B., Victoria Atkinson V., Liszkay G., Maio M. et al. Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(20):1867–1876. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1408868..
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1408868
Moriceau G., Hugo W., Hong A., Shi H., Kong X., Yu C. et al. Tunable-combinatorial mechanisms of acquired resistance limit the efficacy of BRAF/MEK cotargeting but result in melanoma drug addiction. Cancer Cell. 2015;27(2):240–256. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.018..
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.018
Long G.V., Grob J.J., Nathan P., Ribas A., Robert C., Schadendorf D. et al. Factors predictive of response, disease progression, and overall survival after dabrafenib and trametinib combination treatment: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(12):1743–1754. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30578-2..
DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30578-2
Kakadia S., Yarlagadda N., Awad R., Kundranda M., Niu J., Naraev B. et al. Mechanisms of resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors and clinical update of US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapy in advanced melanoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:7095–7107. doi: 10.2147/ott.s182721..
DOI: 10.2147/ott.s182721
Khair D., Bax H., Mele S., Crescioli S., Pellizzari G., Khiabany A., Nakamura M. et al. Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Established and Emerging Targets and Strategies to Improve Outcomes in Melanoma. Front Immunol. 2019;10:453. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00453..
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00453
Frederick D., Piris A., Cogdill A., Cooper Z., Lezcano C., Ferrone C. et al. BRAF Inhibition Is Associated with Enhanced Melanoma Antigen Expression and a More Favorable Tumor Microenvironment in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(5):1225–1231. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1630..
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1630
Pelster M., Amaria R. Combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in melanoma: a review of the impact on the tumor microenvironment and outcomes of early clinical trials. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2019; 11:1758835919830826. doi: 10.1177[%]2F1758835919830826..
DOI: 10.1177[%]2F1758835919830826
Wilmott J., Long G., Howle J., Haydu L., Sharma R., Thompson J. et al. Selective BRAF Inhibitors Induce Marked T-cell Infiltration into Human Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(5):1386–1394. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2479..
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2479
Ascierto P., Dummer R. Immunological effects of BRAF+MEK inhibition. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7(9):e1468955. doi: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1468955..
DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1468955
Sullivan R.J., Hamid O., Gonzalez R., Infante J.R., Patel M.R., Hodi F.S. et al. Atezolizumab plus cobimetinib and vemurafenib in BRAF-mutated melanoma patients. Nat Med. 2019;25(6):929–935. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019- 0474-7..
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019- 0474-7
Rapisuwon S., Slingluff C., Wargo J., Sullivan R., Izar B., Maudlin I. et al. Analysis of the kinetics and efects of vemurafenib (V) plus cobimetinib (C) on intratumoral and host immunity in patients (pts) with BRAFV600 mutant melanoma (BRAFmM): implications for combination with immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15_suppl.):9559–9559. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.9559..
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.9559
Gutzmer R., Stroyakovskiy D., Gogas H., Robert C., Lewis K., Protsenko S. et al. Atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib as first-line treatment for unresectable advanced BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma (IMspire150): primary analysis of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10240):1835–1844. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30934-X..
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30934-X
Puzanov I., Ribas A., Robert C., Schachter J., Nyakas M., Daud A. et al. Association of BRAF V600E/K Mutation Status and Prior BRAF/MEK Inhibition With Pembrolizumab Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma: Pooled Analysis of 3 Clinical Trials. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(8):1256–1264. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2288..
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2288
Schachter J., Ribas A., Long G.V., Arance A., Grob J.J., Mortier L. et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet. 2017;390(10105):1853–1862. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31601-X..
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31601-X
Robert C., Schachter J., Long G.V., Arance A., Grob J., Mortier L. et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2521–2532. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1503093..
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1503093
Larkin J., Chiarion-Sileni V., Gonzalez R., Grob J., Rutkowski P., Lao C., M.D. et al. Five-Year Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(16):1535–1546. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910836..
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910836
Robert C., Grob J., Stroyakovskiy D., Karaszewska B., Hauschild A., Levchenko E., Chiarion-Sileni V., Schachter J. Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):626–636. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1904059..
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1904059
Dreno B., Ascierto P., McArthur G., Atkinson V., Liszkay G., Di Giacomo A., Mandalà M. Efficacy and safety of cobimetinib (C) combined with vemurafenib (V) in patients (pts) with BRAFV600 mutation – positive metastatic melanoma: analysis from the 4-year extended follow-up of the phase 3 coBRIM study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;(15):9522–9522. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.9522..
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.9522