Zhang J.J., Dong X., Liu G.H., Gao Y.D. Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023;64(1):90–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5..
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08921-5
Tammaro A., Adebanjo G.A., Parisella F.R., Luzi F., Scarabello A. Hair and nail manifestations of Covid‐19. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(4):1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14774..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14774
Seirafianpour F., Sodagar S., Pour Mohammad A., Panahi P., Mozafarpoor S., Almasi S., Goodarzi A. Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13986. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13986..
DOI: 10.1111/dth.13986
Nakashima C., Kato M., Otsuka A. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccination. J Dermatol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.16651..
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16651
Genovese G., Moltrasio C., Berti E., Marzano A.V. Skin manifestations associated with COVID-19: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Dermatology. 2020;237(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512932..
DOI: 10.1159/000512932
Jiang F., Deng L., Zhang L., Cai Y., Cheung C.W., Xia Z. Review of the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(5):1545–1549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w..
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w
Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. The SARS-COV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(4):102792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102792..
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102792
Elrobaa I.H., New K.J. COVID-19: Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Manifestations. Front Public Health. 2021;9:711616. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.711616..
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.711616
Gawaz A., Guenova E. Microvascular skin manifestations caused by COVID-19. Hämostaseologie. 2021;41(05):387–396. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1581-6899..
DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-6899
Czech T., Sugihara S., Nishimura Y. Characteristics of hair loss after covid ‐19: A systematic scoping review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(9):3655–3662. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15218..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15218
Nguyen B., Tosti A. Alopecia in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAAD International. 2022;7:67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2022.02.006..
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.02.006
Perry T., Rosen H., Pettit C., Trinidad J.C. Pressure‐induced alopecia due to proning in Covid‐19. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(2):e14764. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14764..
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14764
Starace M., Iorizzo M., Sechi A., Alessandrini A.M., Carpanese M., Bruni F. et al. Trichodynia and Telogen effluvium in COVID-19 patients: Results of an international expert opinion survey on Diagnosis and Management. JAAD Int. 2021;5:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2021.07.006..
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.07.006
Kutlu Ö., Demircan Y.T., Yıldız K., Kalkan G., Demirseren D.D., An İ. et al. The effect of covid‐19 on development of hair and nail disorders: A Turkish multicenter, controlled study. Int J Dermatol. 2023;62(2):202–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.16454..
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16454
Sharquie K.E., Jabbar R.I. COVID-19 infection is a major cause of acute telogen effluvium. Ir J Med Sci. 2022;191(4):1677–1681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02754-5..
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02754-5
Abrantes T.F., Artounian K.A., Falsey R., Simão J.C.L., Vañó-Galván S., Ferreira S.B. et al. Time of onset and duration of post-COVID-19 acute telogen effluvium. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;85(4):975–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.021..
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.021
Di Landro A., Naldi L., Glaser E., Paus R., Tosti A. Pathobiology questions raised by Telogen effluvium and Trichodynia in COVID‐19 patients. Exp Dermatol. 2021;30(7):999–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.14352..
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14352
Olds H., Liu J., Luk K., Lim H.W., Ozog D., Rambhatla P.V. Telogen effluvium associated with Covid‐19 infection. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(2):e14761. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14761..
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14761
Orasan M.S., Bolfa P., Coneac A., Muresan A., Mihu C. Topical products for human hair regeneration: A comparative study on an animal model. Ann Dermatol. 2016;28(1):65. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2016.28.1.65..
DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.1.65
Rinaldi F., Trink A., Giuliani G., Pinto D. Italian survey for the evaluation of the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on alopecia areata recurrence. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021;11(2):339–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-021-00498-9..
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00498-9
Kim J., Hong K., Gómez Gómez R.E., Kim S., Chun B.C. Lack of evidence of COVID-19 being a risk factor of alopecia areata: Results of a national cohort study in South Korea. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:758069. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.758069..
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758069
Kageyama R., Ito T., Nakazawa S., Shimauchi T., Fujiyama T., Honda T. A case of telogen effluvium followed by alopecia areata after SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Dermatol. 2023;50(1):e32–e34. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.16590..
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16590
Nguyen B., Tosti A. Alopecia areata after COVID-19 infection and vaccination: A cross-sectional analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(1):e7–e8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18491..
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18491
Pastukhova E., Li Ho.-Y., Brandts-Longtin O., Kirchhof M.G. Alopecia areata as a sequela of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2022;27(1):64–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/12034754221138249..
DOI: 10.1177/12034754221138249
Martora F., Fornaro L., Picone V., Marasca D., Gargiulo M., Annunziata M.C. et al. Herpes zoster and alopecia areata following mrna BNT162B2 covid‐19 vaccine: Controversial immune effects. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(1):36–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15465..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15465
Peterle L., Macca L., Li Pomi F., Vaccaro F., Borgia F., Vaccaro M. An impressive case of alopecia universalis after COVID-19 vaccination: a coincidental finding or a consequence? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27(1):437–441. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202301_30900..
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202301_30900
Paus R., Bertolini M. The role of hair follicle immune privilege collapse in alopecia areata: status and perspectives. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2013;16(1):25–27. https://doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2013.7..
DOI: 10.1038/jidsymp.2013.7
Vlachoyiannopoulos P.G., Magira E., Alexopoulos H., Jahaj E., Theophilopoulou K., Kotanidou A., Tzioufas A.G. Autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in severely ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(12):1661–1663. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218009..
DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218009
Shakoei S., Kalantari Y., Nasimi M., Tootoonchi N., Ansari M.S., Razavi Z., Etesami I. Cutaneous manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination: A report of 25 cases. Dermatol Ther. 2022;35(8):e15651. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.15651..
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15651
Essam R., Ehab R., Al‐Razzaz R., Khater M.W., Moustafa E.A. Alopecia areata after chadox1 ncov‐19 vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca): A potential triggering factor? J Cos Derm. 2021;20(12):3727–3729. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14459..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14459
Scollan M.E., Breneman A., Kinariwalla N., Soliman Y., Youssef S., Bordone L.A., Gallitano S.M. et al. Alopecia areata after SARS-COV-2 vaccination. JAAD Case Reports. 2022;20:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.11.023..
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.11.023
Anzai A., Wang E.H.C., Lee E.Y., Aoki V., Christiano A.M. Pathomechanisms of immune-mediated alopecia. Int Immunol. 2019;31(7):439–447. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz039..
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz039
Harries M.J., Meyer K., Chaudhry I., Kloepper J., Poblet E., Griffiths C.E., Paus R. Lichen planopilaris is characterized by immune privilege collapse of the hair follicle’s epithelial stem cell niche. J Pathol. 2013;231(2):236–247. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4233..
DOI: 10.1002/path.4233
Nguyen B., Perez A.G., Elgart G.W., Elman S.A. Lichen planus after COVID-19 infection and vaccination: A systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(3):e278–e281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.18752..
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18752
Picone V., Fabbrocini G., Martora L., Martora F. A Case of New-Onset Lichen Planus after COVID-19 Vaccination. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2022;12(3):801–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-022-00689-y..
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00689-y
Diab R., Araghi F., Gheisari M., Kani Z.A., Moravvej H. Lichen planus and lichen planopilaris flare after COVID-19 vaccination. Dermatol Ther. 2022;35(3):e15283. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.15283..
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15283
Goren A., Vaño-Galván S., Wambier C.G., McCoy J., Gomez-Zubiaur A., MorenoArrones O.M. et al. A preliminary observation: Male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain – A potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(7):1545–1547. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13443..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13443
Wambier C.G., Vaño-Galván S., McCoy J., Gomez-Zubiaur A., Herrera S., Hermosa-Gelbard Á. et al. Androgenetic alopecia present in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: The “Gabrin sign”. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(2):680–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.079..
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.079
Baghani M., Pourani M.R., Nekooghadam S.M., Ommi D., Fatemi A., Abdollahimajd F., Moravvej H. Androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19: Is there a clinical connection? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(2):420–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14670..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14670
Das K., Patil A., Goren A., Cockerell C.J., Goldust M. Androgens and COVID-19. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022;21(8):3176–3180. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15090..
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15090
Wambier C.G., Goren A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(1):308–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.032..
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.032
Goren A., Cadegiani F.A., Wambier C.G., Vano-Galvan S., Tosti A., Shapiro J. et al. Androgenetic alopecia may be associated with weaker COVID-19 T-cell immune response: An insight into a potential COVID-19 vaccine booster. Med Hypotheses. 2021;146:110439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110439.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110439