Turek P.J., Magana J.O., Lipshultz L.I. Semen parameters before and after transurethral surgery for ejaculatory duct obstruction. J Urol 1996;155(4):1291–3.
Olesen I.A., Andersson A.M., Aksglaede L. et al. Clinical, genetic, biochemical, and testicular biopsy findings among 1213 men evaluated for infertility. Fertil Steril 2017;107(1):74–82.e7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.015.
Schlegel P.N. Evaluation of male infertility. Minerva Ginecol 2009;61(4):261–83.
Schlegel P.N. Management of ejaculatory duct obstruction. In: Infertility in the male. 3rd edn. Ed. by L.I. Lipshultz, S.S. Howards. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997. Рp. 385–394.
Goluboff E.T., Stifelman M.D., Fisch H. Ejaculatory duct obstruction in the infertile male. Urology 1995;45(6):925–31.
DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80109-5.
Schenker J.G., Ezra Y. Complications of assisted reproductive techniques. Fertil Steril 1994;61(3):411–22.
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56568-6.
Edey A.J., Sidhu P.S. Male infertility: role of imaging in the diagnosis and management. Imaging 2008;20:139–46.
Куликов С.Н., Корнеев И.А. Алгоритмы обследования пациентов с азооспермией. Урологические ведомости 2016;6(S):64–5..
Гамидов С.И., Попова А.Ю., Гасанов Н.Г. и др. Роль методов хирургического получения сперматозоидов у пациентов с азооспермией в программах вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (обзор литературы). Андрология и генитальная хирургия 2018;19(3):27–34..
DOI: 10.17650/2070-9781-2018-19-3-27-34.
Schurich M., Aigner F., Frauscher F., Pallwein L. The role of ultrasound in assessment of male fertility. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009;144(Suppl 1):S192–8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.034.
Mathers M.J., Sperling H., Rübben H., Roth S. The undescended testis: diagnosis, treatment and long-term consequences. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009;106(33):527–32.
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0527.
Moon M.H., Kim S.H., Cho J.Y. et al. Scrotal US for evaluation of infertile men with azoospermia. Radiology 2006;239(1):168–73.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2391050272.
Zhu C., Wang C. Diagnostic value of transrectal combined scrotal ultrasonography in acquired obstructive azoospermia. Rev Int Androl 2022;20(1):11–16.
DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.05.009.
Du J., Li F.H., Guo Y.F. et al. Differential Diagnosis of Azoospermia and Etiologic Classification of Obstructive Azoospermia: Role of Scrotal and Transrectal US. Radiology 2010;256(2):493–503.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10091578.
Liu J., Wang Z., Li M. et al. Differential Diagnostic Value of Obstructive and Nonobstructive Azoospermia by Scrotal Ultrasound. Ultrasound Q 2017;33(4):272–5.
DOI: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000299.
Abdulwahed S.R., Mohamed E.E., Taha E.A. et al. Sensitivity and Specificity of Ultrasonography in Predicting Etiology of Azoospermia. Urology 2013;81(5):967–71.
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.001.
Purohit R.S., Wu D.S., Shinohara K., Turek P.J. A prospective comparison of 3 diagnostic methods to evaluate ejaculatory duct obstruction. J Urol 2004;171(1):232–5; discussion 235–6.
DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000101909.70651.d1.
Engin G., Kadioğlu A., Orhan I. et al. Transrectal US and endorectal MR imaging in partial and complete obstruction of the seminal duct system. A comparative study. Acta Radiol 2000;41(3):288–95.
DOI: 10.1080/028418500127345271.
Joshi M. Role of ultrasound in assessment of male infertility. Biomed Imaging Interv J 2007;3:e12–e47.
Goldstein M. Vasography. In: Surgery of male infertility. Ed. by M. Goldstein. Philadelphia: Saunders,1995. Pp. 26–32.
Jarow J.P. Seminal vesicle aspiration in the management of patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction. J Urol 1994;152(3):899–901.
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)32603-4.
Solivetti F.M., Drusco A., Pizzi G. et al. Percutaneous vesiculodeferentography in the diagnosis of male infertility: A review of our results and the data reported in the literature. J Ultrasound 2008;11(3):102–6.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jus.2008.05.006.
Schnall M.D., Pollack H.M., Van Arsdalen K., Kressel H.Y. The seminal tract in patients with ejaculatory dysfunction: MR imaging with an endorectal surface coil. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159(2):337–41.
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.159.2.1632351.
Parsons R.B., Fisher A.M., Bar-Chama N., Mitty H.A. MR imaging in male infertility. Radiographics 1997;17(3):627–37.
DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.17.3.9153701.
Heshmat S., Lo K.C. Evaluation and treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction in infertile men. Can J Urol 2006;13(Suppl 1):18–21.
Onur M.R., Orhan I., Firdolas F. et al. Clinical and radiological evaluation of ejaculatory duct obstruction. Arch Androl 2007;53(4):179–86.
DOI: 10.1080/01485010701426448.
Regent B., Skrobisz K., Kozak O. et al. MRI in the evaluation of the azoospermic male. Diagn Interv Radiol 2020;26(4):271–6.
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.19189.
Chiang H.S., Lin Y.H., Wu Y.N. et al. Advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the seminal vesicles and intra-abdominal vas deferens in patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens. Urology 2013;82(2):345–51.
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.03.038.
Jarow J.P. Seminal vesicle aspiration of fertile men. J Urol 1996;156(3):1005–7.
Jones T.R., Zagoria R.J., Jarow J.P. Transrectal US-guided seminal vesiculography. Radiology 1997;205(1):276–8.
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.205.1.9314999.
Orhan I., Onur R., Cayan S. et al. Seminal vesicle sperm aspiration in the diagnosis of ejaculatory duct obstruction. BJU Int 1999; 84(9):1050–3.
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00379.x.
Stricker H.J., Kunin J.R., Faerber G.J. Congenital prostatic cyst causing ejaculatory duct obstruction: management by transrectal cyst aspiration. J Urol 1993;149(5):1141–3.
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36323-1.