Бессонница: определение, распространенность, риски для здоровья и подходы к терапии

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СтатьяМЕД СОВЕТ. 2023; № 3: 85–91. DOI:10.21518/ms2023-034

Бессонница: определение, распространенность, риски для здоровья и подходы к терапии

Пизова Н.В.^[1]

^[1]Ярославский государственный медицинский университет

Бессонница является широко распространенным расстройством среди населения в целом с хроническим течением и тяжелым бременем для пациентов и системы здравоохранения. Эпидемиологические работы, посвященные нарушениям сна, показывают, что большое количество людей предъявляют жалобы на нарушения сна. В настоящее время используются несколько классификаций и определений нарушений сна, и в первую очередь бессонницы. Недостаточный сон может способствовать появлению быстрого утомления в дневное время, снижению активности, внимания и работоспособности. Проведенные исследования показали, что длительные и выраженные расстройства сна могут приводить к различным соматическим, неврологическим и психическим заболеваниям или усугублять их. Бессонница может способствовать снижению познавательных способностей. Хотя доступны как нефармакологические, так и фармакологические вмешательства, лекарства часто назначаются из-за большей доступности. Когнитивно-поведенческая терапия бессонницы рекомендуется в качестве первой линии лечения у взрослых любого возраста. Фармакологическое вмешательство может быть предложено, если когнитивно-поведенческая терапия бессонницы недостаточно эффективна или недоступна. В то же время фармакотерапия нарушений сна, несмотря на огромное количество снотворных препаратов, остается сложной проблемой. Широко применяемые в медицинской практике снотворные средства как по механизмам своего действия, так и по конечному результату – влиянию на сон, не всегда способствуют развитию естественного (или, по крайней мере, близкого к физиологическому) сна. Бензодиазепины, агонисты бензодиазепиновых рецепторов, антидепрессанты, антигистаминные препараты, антипсихотики, мелатонин и фитотерапевтические средства могут быть использованы для лечения бессонницы.

бензодиазепины

агонисты бензодиазепиновых рецепторов

антидепрессанты

антигистаминные препараты

антипсихотики

нарушения сна

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Язык текста: Русский

ISSN: 2079-701X

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